1 00:00:02,240 --> 00:00:04,120 Primary Health Insurance Fund. 2 00:00:04,360 --> 00:00:06,400 - Hello? Good morning. - Good morning. 3 00:00:06,560 --> 00:00:08,920 I'm on sick leave and I need to know... 4 00:00:09,080 --> 00:00:11,440 - Social Security number? - I'm Mrs Mayol. 5 00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:13,720 - Your number. - Wait. 6 00:00:14,680 --> 00:00:17,200 - 2 49 01 34... - Putting you through DC. 7 00:00:18,360 --> 00:00:20,560 - Through what? - The DC department. 8 00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:22,840 - Daily compensation. - Hello? 9 00:00:23,560 --> 00:00:24,960 - Hello? - Yes? 10 00:00:25,120 --> 00:00:25,920 Miss? 11 00:00:26,080 --> 00:00:29,360 I'm on sick leave and I haven't received... 12 00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:32,120 - What's your number? - My number? 13 00:00:32,280 --> 00:00:34,680 SOLIDARITY IN QUESTION 14 00:00:41,520 --> 00:00:47,040 MONTPELLIER (HÉRAULT DÉPARTEMENT) - JUNE 1982 15 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:09,320 REGIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE FUND 16 00:01:09,760 --> 00:01:11,400 SOCIAL SECURITY 17 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:16,080 PRIMARY HEALTH INSURANCE FUND 18 00:01:42,080 --> 00:01:44,280 Good morning. I have a question. 19 00:01:44,440 --> 00:01:48,800 I've been unemployed for a year. Am I covered for my recent accident? 20 00:01:49,160 --> 00:01:51,760 - Do you receive unemployment benefits? - Yes. 21 00:01:51,920 --> 00:01:55,160 Then you are, as long as you get unemployment benefits, 22 00:01:55,320 --> 00:01:58,920 and for a year afterwards. 23 00:01:59,080 --> 00:02:00,400 I'll be reimbursed then. 24 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:02,200 - Yes. I'll keep these papers. - Thanks. 25 00:02:02,360 --> 00:02:03,760 For retirement, 26 00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:06,960 go across the hall, to the Old-Age Fund. 27 00:02:07,120 --> 00:02:07,920 Over there. 28 00:02:08,160 --> 00:02:11,680 Let's retrace your husband's career. 29 00:02:11,840 --> 00:02:13,960 Was he employed in the general scheme? 30 00:02:14,120 --> 00:02:17,320 No. He started out as a farm worker in 1936. 31 00:02:17,480 --> 00:02:19,200 That's for the Farmers' Fund. 32 00:02:19,840 --> 00:02:23,000 OK. Then he quit because he was ill, 33 00:02:23,160 --> 00:02:26,400 he went to an apprentice training centre 34 00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:28,520 to become an electrician. 35 00:02:28,920 --> 00:02:31,400 He worked for a company for 3 or 4 years 36 00:02:31,640 --> 00:02:34,080 then he became self-employed. 37 00:02:34,240 --> 00:02:37,720 So, he'll receive several pensions because he's belonged... 38 00:02:38,000 --> 00:02:39,800 - Excuse me. - ...to several... 39 00:02:39,960 --> 00:02:43,600 I've been waiting for an hour. It's an emergency. 40 00:02:44,040 --> 00:02:47,320 - It's very unusual. - I'm not finished with this lady. 41 00:02:47,480 --> 00:02:49,080 But it's unprecedented. 42 00:02:49,280 --> 00:02:53,600 I never knew Social Security could withdraw money from an account. 43 00:02:53,760 --> 00:02:56,040 The bank has sent me this. It's very simple. 44 00:02:56,200 --> 00:02:58,000 This is about my mother. 45 00:02:58,720 --> 00:03:01,120 She got her pension then it was withdrawn. 46 00:03:01,280 --> 00:03:03,080 Nobody ever notified her. 47 00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:05,680 You must wait for your turn. We'll explain... 48 00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:09,000 Why was that money withdrawn without any notice? 49 00:03:09,160 --> 00:03:10,760 Go back to the waiting area. 50 00:03:10,920 --> 00:03:13,800 OK, then. But I wish you'd be quick. 51 00:03:31,520 --> 00:03:34,480 PINET (HÉRAULT DÉPARTEMENT) JUNE 1982 52 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:41,000 We farm 200 acres of vineyards 53 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:43,120 spread over several estates. 54 00:03:43,360 --> 00:03:45,200 My family's always owned them. 55 00:03:45,360 --> 00:03:48,800 It's hard because we employ only 7 farm workers. 56 00:03:48,960 --> 00:03:51,440 Four years ago, there were 10 of us. 57 00:04:13,840 --> 00:04:15,160 Since 1970, 58 00:04:16,280 --> 00:04:19,000 employers' social contributions have multiplied by 6. 59 00:04:19,160 --> 00:04:20,240 In the same period, 60 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:24,040 the price of ordinary wine hasn't even doubled. 61 00:04:24,360 --> 00:04:26,560 So, I can't hire new workers. 62 00:04:27,080 --> 00:04:29,400 And we're competing against Italian wine. 63 00:04:29,560 --> 00:04:31,320 To try and make ends meet, 64 00:04:31,480 --> 00:04:35,360 we've increased our wine's quality and we bottle it on site. 65 00:04:35,880 --> 00:04:40,360 Of course, we have to sell it, at fairs and markets. 66 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:44,440 We need to take on both marketing and production, 67 00:04:44,600 --> 00:04:46,000 which adds to our work. 68 00:05:00,080 --> 00:05:00,920 Yves! 69 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:05,760 Why are you alone? 70 00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:09,560 Joseph has just gone home. His belly was bothering him. 71 00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:10,520 His hernia... 72 00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:13,120 It's the fourth time since the New Year. 73 00:05:13,360 --> 00:05:17,120 He really needs surgery, which means another 2 months off work. 74 00:05:31,840 --> 00:05:32,640 Oh dear! 75 00:05:34,040 --> 00:05:36,600 - What's wrong? - Joseph is ill again. 76 00:05:37,040 --> 00:05:38,360 It's his hernia again. 77 00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:42,320 He stopped working an hour ago. Yves has just told me. 78 00:05:43,000 --> 00:05:46,480 He's going to see the doctor. I guess he needs surgery. 79 00:05:46,640 --> 00:05:48,920 That's 2 or 3 months sick leave. 80 00:05:49,560 --> 00:05:52,520 We should hire someone else but it's tough, 81 00:05:52,680 --> 00:05:56,600 because of those Social Security contributions. 82 00:05:57,960 --> 00:05:59,600 It wouldn't be sensible. 83 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:03,280 Selling the wine takes up all your time. 84 00:06:04,120 --> 00:06:08,520 I have my own work but I'll try and do more... 85 00:06:43,640 --> 00:06:48,480 GANGES (HÉRAULT DÉPARTEMENT) JUNE 1982 86 00:07:09,440 --> 00:07:12,320 We make stockings, tights, socks, 87 00:07:12,600 --> 00:07:15,600 and we strive to make quality products. 88 00:07:15,760 --> 00:07:19,240 We're trying to attract young customers, 89 00:07:19,400 --> 00:07:21,520 with new colours and patterns. 90 00:07:26,160 --> 00:07:29,520 There used to be about 60 of us in our company. 91 00:07:29,880 --> 00:07:31,960 Nowadays, we're down to 30. 92 00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:47,840 We're going through hard times 93 00:07:48,000 --> 00:07:51,440 because of significant competition from other countries, 94 00:07:51,720 --> 00:07:54,640 either from Asia or from behind the Iron Curtain. 95 00:07:55,240 --> 00:07:58,640 But you need to try and survive anyway. 96 00:07:58,960 --> 00:08:00,000 Here's an example. 97 00:08:00,600 --> 00:08:02,240 For monthly wages of 3, 000 francs 98 00:08:02,400 --> 00:08:03,920 we need to pay 99 00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:06,120 an additional 75 % in social contributions, 100 00:08:06,360 --> 00:08:08,960 30 % of which to Social Security, 101 00:08:09,120 --> 00:08:11,440 which puts a strain on our cost prices. 102 00:08:13,400 --> 00:08:16,080 The French value social protection a lot. 103 00:08:16,240 --> 00:08:17,720 But it comes with a risk. 104 00:08:17,880 --> 00:08:20,200 Initiative withers, 105 00:08:20,360 --> 00:08:22,440 as does the fighting spirit. 106 00:08:22,760 --> 00:08:25,480 We ought to come to an insurance system, 107 00:08:25,640 --> 00:08:27,640 like in countries such as the US. 108 00:08:27,800 --> 00:08:30,920 Americans can choose the insurance they take out. 109 00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:34,920 It's restrictive but people don't get used to handouts. 110 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:38,960 IN THE LOUNGE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SOLIDARITY 111 00:08:39,120 --> 00:08:40,640 PARIS (JUNE 1982) 112 00:08:41,120 --> 00:08:44,800 When employment doesn't go well, solidarity can't go well. 113 00:08:45,320 --> 00:08:48,480 That's because it is financed from wages. 114 00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:53,680 Drawing on this to attack Social Security, 115 00:08:53,840 --> 00:08:57,560 means that you aren't aware of the way people view it. 116 00:08:58,320 --> 00:09:02,760 People in this country have contributed for some 30 odd years 117 00:09:02,920 --> 00:09:04,320 to gain protection. 118 00:09:04,880 --> 00:09:05,720 What for? 119 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:07,400 To retire, 120 00:09:07,560 --> 00:09:11,000 and some have even requested and obtained 121 00:09:11,160 --> 00:09:13,240 retirement at age 60. 122 00:09:13,920 --> 00:09:15,640 To start a family. 123 00:09:15,800 --> 00:09:17,120 Welcoming a child 124 00:09:17,280 --> 00:09:20,480 is investing in our country's wealth. 125 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:24,880 And people want to receive good or even better health care, 126 00:09:25,040 --> 00:09:27,320 in a more egalitarian manner. 127 00:09:27,760 --> 00:09:31,080 That's what they are paying for with Social Security. 128 00:09:31,400 --> 00:09:34,640 It's something the French value highly. 129 00:09:35,240 --> 00:09:37,920 Of course, it's a big endeavour. 130 00:09:38,440 --> 00:09:39,800 The sums involved 131 00:09:39,960 --> 00:09:43,560 equal or even exceed the national budget. 132 00:09:44,040 --> 00:09:45,960 But it wouldn't be right 133 00:09:46,120 --> 00:09:50,760 to view it as a burden bearing on companies and the economy. 134 00:09:51,160 --> 00:09:55,520 For the most part, that money is injected back into the economy. 135 00:09:56,320 --> 00:09:57,360 Think about it. 136 00:09:57,520 --> 00:09:59,240 Without retirement pensions, 137 00:09:59,400 --> 00:10:03,040 the inhabitants of whole villages would have nothing to spend. 138 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:05,200 Then, what about local shops? 139 00:10:05,640 --> 00:10:09,440 What about hospitals or children facilities? 140 00:10:09,600 --> 00:10:13,000 They are financed by health insurance, 141 00:10:13,160 --> 00:10:14,400 and maintain jobs 142 00:10:14,560 --> 00:10:17,040 that bring life in such or such a place. 143 00:10:17,720 --> 00:10:21,320 Let's refrain from a simplistic view of Social Security. 144 00:10:21,480 --> 00:10:24,120 It is part of our society, 145 00:10:24,280 --> 00:10:26,920 like schools and the country's great undertakings. 146 00:10:27,080 --> 00:10:32,040 Let's keep in mind what it was like before Social Security. 147 00:10:32,200 --> 00:10:34,760 Ask your father or grandfather 148 00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:37,320 whose parents had no retirement pension. 149 00:11:03,880 --> 00:11:05,360 I live here, 150 00:11:05,520 --> 00:11:08,440 in the Clair Mont d'Hérault home 151 00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:11,000 because I worked my whole life. 152 00:11:11,160 --> 00:11:12,600 It's my only rest. 153 00:11:14,200 --> 00:11:18,640 Let me close that window. The children make a lot of noise. 154 00:11:18,800 --> 00:11:20,320 They're unbearable. 155 00:11:21,040 --> 00:11:24,720 They don't work and then, they annoy us. 156 00:11:24,880 --> 00:11:26,720 Who pays your pension? 157 00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:28,280 Who pays my pension? 158 00:11:28,440 --> 00:11:31,960 I've contributed enough, all year long. 159 00:11:32,120 --> 00:11:34,120 Still, you moan about young people. 160 00:11:34,280 --> 00:11:38,920 But they're paying contributions from which your pension is paid to you. 161 00:11:39,520 --> 00:11:44,600 But when you've contributed... They withheld some of my money. 162 00:11:44,760 --> 00:11:47,360 So now they can pay me a pension. 163 00:11:47,760 --> 00:11:50,000 And I can live here. A nice place it is too. 164 00:11:50,960 --> 00:11:54,160 I used to work in a factory, a weaving plant. 165 00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:57,280 But I was too young then. 166 00:11:57,960 --> 00:12:01,800 So each time inspectors came to the plant, 167 00:12:01,960 --> 00:12:04,400 they would lock me up in the water-closet. 168 00:12:05,080 --> 00:12:08,320 They hired me out of pity to work by the day, 169 00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:10,720 because I was without a father. 170 00:12:11,040 --> 00:12:13,640 I see. And you didn't have enough... 171 00:12:13,800 --> 00:12:18,600 Not enough to eat. Only my mother worked, by the day. 172 00:12:18,840 --> 00:12:21,760 Who paid for your care after your thumb accident? 173 00:12:22,480 --> 00:12:24,520 It's the work insurance. 174 00:12:24,800 --> 00:12:26,160 But who paid? 175 00:12:26,760 --> 00:12:28,920 The insurance paid by the factory. 176 00:12:29,080 --> 00:12:30,960 - The boss, then. - The boss. 177 00:12:31,120 --> 00:12:34,800 - The workplace insurance? - Yes, the boss's insurance. 178 00:12:34,960 --> 00:12:37,680 - That's it. - He paid for my half days. 179 00:12:37,840 --> 00:12:41,320 I was paid half days only instead of whole days. 180 00:12:41,640 --> 00:12:42,840 I get them now. 181 00:12:43,000 --> 00:12:46,320 And who paid for your mother when she was ill? 182 00:12:46,480 --> 00:12:49,480 The town, because she was destitute. 183 00:12:49,760 --> 00:12:51,640 I would come home from work, 184 00:12:51,800 --> 00:12:55,560 and Mum would say that there wasn't even a piece of bread, 185 00:12:55,720 --> 00:12:58,400 so I would say: "I'll get some bread". 186 00:12:58,720 --> 00:13:01,440 I went to knock on the vicar's door, 187 00:13:02,680 --> 00:13:04,400 and he gave me a bread coupon. 188 00:13:17,280 --> 00:13:19,080 HONOUR TO WORK 189 00:13:19,440 --> 00:13:23,720 Three centuries ago, Colbert founded the cloth factory of Villeneuvette. 190 00:13:24,200 --> 00:13:25,880 It operated until 1950. 191 00:13:26,080 --> 00:13:29,880 Its last owners, the Maistre family, still live here. 192 00:13:30,320 --> 00:13:33,080 Everything was grouped around the factory. 193 00:13:33,640 --> 00:13:38,120 Parish and community life, school, leisure, 194 00:13:38,400 --> 00:13:39,800 and workers' housing. 195 00:13:49,720 --> 00:13:51,240 Surrounded by walls, 196 00:13:51,400 --> 00:13:54,960 its heavy, studded door was closed to the outside world. 197 00:13:56,080 --> 00:13:58,360 I knew this village very well. 198 00:13:58,520 --> 00:14:01,720 As a young country doctor during the war, 199 00:14:01,880 --> 00:14:04,160 I came here to treat old workers. 200 00:14:04,320 --> 00:14:06,560 They had been born in the last century, 201 00:14:06,720 --> 00:14:08,640 and they told me about the past. 202 00:14:10,200 --> 00:14:12,880 Here lies Casimir Maistre. 203 00:14:14,600 --> 00:14:17,560 We and our workers are of the same family. 204 00:14:25,400 --> 00:14:30,280 This little town was a major example of paternalism in the late 19th century. 205 00:14:31,480 --> 00:14:34,240 You must admit that it was an improvement 206 00:14:34,400 --> 00:14:37,920 on the savage capitalism that ruled then. 207 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:40,000 When a worker fell ill, 208 00:14:40,160 --> 00:14:43,240 he wasn't sentenced to death by starvation anymore. 209 00:14:43,400 --> 00:14:44,400 He was treated. 210 00:14:44,560 --> 00:14:50,440 But in return for protection that was real, concrete, moral 211 00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:53,600 and symbolized by locked doors at night, 212 00:14:54,040 --> 00:14:57,120 he lacked freedom and was considered a minor. 213 00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:11,080 I practiced medicine in this room for 40 years. 214 00:15:11,240 --> 00:15:12,600 Now that I'm retired, 215 00:15:12,760 --> 00:15:15,440 I sort through files and stir up memories. 216 00:15:15,920 --> 00:15:18,000 You need to be aware that, in the first years, 217 00:15:18,160 --> 00:15:20,000 there was no Social Security. 218 00:15:20,160 --> 00:15:24,440 When you were ill, you turned to your savings and charity, 219 00:15:24,600 --> 00:15:26,360 notably your doctor's charity. 220 00:15:26,520 --> 00:15:30,440 It wasn't a total social desert though. 221 00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:33,760 We had social laws, there were specific schemes. 222 00:15:33,920 --> 00:15:37,080 Social insurance came into being in 1927. 223 00:15:37,240 --> 00:15:42,560 But only a small portion of the workers' population was insured. 224 00:15:43,040 --> 00:15:45,360 So 1945 was a big turning point. 225 00:15:45,600 --> 00:15:47,000 A great date, 226 00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:51,400 even if we didn't realise immediately how important it was. 227 00:15:51,560 --> 00:15:54,960 We substituted the idea of individual savings 228 00:15:55,120 --> 00:16:00,080 for generalized and collective social coverage. 229 00:16:00,320 --> 00:16:02,440 A total change in mindset. 230 00:16:03,120 --> 00:16:04,560 From then on, 231 00:16:04,720 --> 00:16:09,480 the greatest part of workers obtained social coverage. 232 00:16:14,680 --> 00:16:16,880 THURSDAY, AUGUST 2ND, 1945 233 00:16:17,280 --> 00:16:18,400 PÉTAIN ON TRIAL 234 00:16:19,920 --> 00:16:21,400 CONSULTATIVE ASSEMBLY 235 00:16:21,640 --> 00:16:25,320 THE PEOPLE'S THIRST AND HUNGER FOR JUSTICE 236 00:16:25,560 --> 00:16:27,400 HEALTH FOR ALL 237 00:16:27,640 --> 00:16:29,400 THE USSR WANTS PEACE 238 00:16:29,640 --> 00:16:30,640 THE RIGHT TO REST 239 00:16:30,800 --> 00:16:33,320 HAPPY OLD-AGE THANKS TO TODAY'S LAW 240 00:16:33,560 --> 00:16:37,920 THE CONSTITUTION IS ADOPTED BY 309 TO 249 VOTES. 241 00:16:38,160 --> 00:16:40,440 SOCIAL SECURITY AND RETIREMENT FOR ALL 242 00:16:40,600 --> 00:16:43,640 The founding of Social Security in 1945 243 00:16:43,800 --> 00:16:45,560 is a historical event for workers. 244 00:16:45,720 --> 00:16:48,000 It resulted from years of struggle. 245 00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:52,280 Finally we gained social coverage against illness and old-age. 246 00:16:52,440 --> 00:16:53,560 It was fabulous! 247 00:16:59,480 --> 00:17:03,120 SOCIAL SECURITY PROTECTS WORKERS AGAINST SOCIAL SCOURGES 248 00:17:03,360 --> 00:17:05,760 Why are there so many schemes left? 249 00:17:06,240 --> 00:17:08,280 Again, think back to that time. 250 00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:11,160 We were faced with reluctance 251 00:17:11,320 --> 00:17:15,040 from people who valued pre-existing schemes. 252 00:17:15,600 --> 00:17:20,160 Others feared collectivization. 253 00:17:20,600 --> 00:17:25,120 Bit by bit, everybody came to realise that social coverage was necessary. 254 00:17:25,280 --> 00:17:27,800 All workers' categories gradually came around, 255 00:17:27,960 --> 00:17:30,120 hence the many differences. 256 00:17:44,960 --> 00:17:50,160 - What about ham? - I've just had the machine fixed. 257 00:17:50,560 --> 00:17:53,960 A new machine would be a big investment, you know. 258 00:17:54,720 --> 00:17:56,720 It's working OK now. 259 00:17:56,880 --> 00:17:58,800 It was a bit loose here but... 260 00:17:59,680 --> 00:18:03,920 Guy fixed it for me. It's as good as new now. 261 00:18:04,200 --> 00:18:05,000 Here you go. 262 00:18:05,160 --> 00:18:09,000 May I ask you a few questions about your Social Security scheme? 263 00:18:09,360 --> 00:18:12,040 It's mostly my wife who takes care of it. 264 00:18:12,400 --> 00:18:14,160 I deal with supplies, 265 00:18:14,360 --> 00:18:17,120 sales and customer relationships. 266 00:18:17,320 --> 00:18:19,760 You should ask my wife at the till. 267 00:18:24,160 --> 00:18:25,600 32.30 Francs. 268 00:18:25,800 --> 00:18:29,280 What's your and your husband's Social Security scheme? 269 00:18:29,680 --> 00:18:34,240 My husband's a shop keeper so he's with the self-employed scheme. 270 00:18:34,520 --> 00:18:36,520 I'm his employee, 271 00:18:36,680 --> 00:18:39,640 so I'm with the general Social Security scheme. 272 00:18:39,920 --> 00:18:41,760 How did you get there? 273 00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:46,000 It's because of recent laws about wives of self-employed people. 274 00:18:46,520 --> 00:18:48,480 What are the advantages? 275 00:18:49,320 --> 00:18:54,400 It's pretty expensive because of all the URSSAF contributions, 276 00:18:54,560 --> 00:18:59,800 but I have better coverage, so it's still beneficial. 277 00:19:00,040 --> 00:19:02,760 It's very complicated. How do you keep up? 278 00:19:02,920 --> 00:19:06,160 My commercial training helps a lot. I'm an accountant. 279 00:19:06,760 --> 00:19:08,520 I like my work. 280 00:19:08,880 --> 00:19:12,960 I subscribe to trade magazines that keep me up-to-date. 281 00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:16,240 And I've made enquiries with each organisation. 282 00:19:35,560 --> 00:19:38,160 - Good morning, ladies. - Good morning. 283 00:19:41,360 --> 00:19:43,600 Hello, Xavier, how are you? 284 00:19:43,840 --> 00:19:45,360 - OK. - And the vineyard? 285 00:19:45,520 --> 00:19:49,360 Oh, the vineyard! It's growing, a little. 286 00:19:49,760 --> 00:19:52,720 That's all. You've just reminded me. 287 00:19:53,760 --> 00:19:57,000 - What is it? - From Mutualité, about domestic help. 288 00:19:57,160 --> 00:19:59,200 I can't understand it. 289 00:19:59,360 --> 00:20:03,360 I don't have time right now. I'm going to a local meeting. 290 00:20:03,560 --> 00:20:06,960 Let me take it to Montpellier and fix it for you. 291 00:20:07,120 --> 00:20:08,560 - OK? - Good. 292 00:20:15,600 --> 00:20:18,640 I've seen Célestine Durand. She asks for domestic help. 293 00:20:18,840 --> 00:20:20,880 Indeed, I have her file here. 294 00:20:21,280 --> 00:20:25,440 Célestine Durand, 80 years old. She's a widow and she's ill. 295 00:20:25,600 --> 00:20:28,840 - What about the hospital? - She'd rather stay at home. 296 00:20:29,480 --> 00:20:32,280 Sending her to the hospital would uproot her. 297 00:20:32,520 --> 00:20:36,320 It'll be cheaper for the Mutualité. Hospital days are expensive. 298 00:20:37,120 --> 00:20:41,040 The elderly dislike the hospital. They want to stay home. 299 00:20:41,920 --> 00:20:44,120 The hospital is a big problem. 300 00:20:45,520 --> 00:20:48,440 Listen. She has modest means. 301 00:20:48,720 --> 00:20:52,600 We could grant her 15 hours. What do you say? 302 00:20:52,760 --> 00:20:55,200 - OK. - That's settled, then. 303 00:20:55,640 --> 00:20:58,960 How did you become a member of the local MSA commission? 304 00:20:59,120 --> 00:21:02,520 We are all farmers. 305 00:21:02,680 --> 00:21:06,600 We were elected on the local level by other farmers. 306 00:21:06,760 --> 00:21:09,640 Above us, there's a district level. 307 00:21:09,920 --> 00:21:13,040 The board is in Montpellier. 308 00:21:13,520 --> 00:21:17,560 Board members are elected 309 00:21:17,720 --> 00:21:19,440 by district representatives. 310 00:21:19,600 --> 00:21:21,360 What does the local commission do? 311 00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:25,960 We examine requests for loans, and domestic help, informal appeals. 312 00:21:26,120 --> 00:21:28,760 Recently, we had a campaign against tetanus. 313 00:21:28,960 --> 00:21:32,080 At the moment, there's a campaign against... 314 00:21:32,920 --> 00:21:34,640 - Pesticides. - Exactly. 315 00:21:34,920 --> 00:21:37,480 How is the MSA financed, Mr President? 316 00:21:37,960 --> 00:21:40,680 One third of it is financed 317 00:21:40,840 --> 00:21:43,480 by contributions. 318 00:21:43,640 --> 00:21:47,240 The rest comes from the government and general scheme. 319 00:21:47,760 --> 00:21:52,160 It is only normal for the general scheme to help the agriculture scheme. 320 00:21:52,320 --> 00:21:54,760 There are no more young people in the country, 321 00:21:54,920 --> 00:21:57,920 and they contribute to the general scheme. 322 00:21:58,080 --> 00:22:01,440 You spend much time on the commission. Does the MSA pay you? 323 00:22:01,600 --> 00:22:03,520 No, we are all volunteers. 324 00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:06,680 We are the MSA. 325 00:22:07,880 --> 00:22:10,040 Our members 326 00:22:10,600 --> 00:22:12,480 can't be mere numbers. 327 00:22:13,520 --> 00:22:17,360 In the general scheme, they don't elect their representatives. 328 00:22:17,560 --> 00:22:18,520 That's the difference. 329 00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:26,960 - Are you insured? - With the general scheme. 330 00:22:27,120 --> 00:22:30,040 Do you know that you're represented on the board? 331 00:22:30,200 --> 00:22:32,520 No, but I know that I contribute. 332 00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:35,640 There's a difference between gross and net pay. 333 00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:40,280 - It brings you advantages though. - It does. I'm on long term illness. 334 00:22:40,440 --> 00:22:43,920 Without it, I couldn't have my vertebrae treated. 335 00:22:44,080 --> 00:22:46,320 I have half my wages for 3 years. 336 00:22:46,640 --> 00:22:48,800 - It's important for you. - Very. 337 00:22:49,600 --> 00:22:52,440 Are insured persons represented on the board? 338 00:22:52,600 --> 00:22:56,480 Yes, representatives take up half of the seats. 339 00:22:56,640 --> 00:23:00,320 - Employers occupy the rest. - Are you aware of an upcoming change? 340 00:23:00,720 --> 00:23:04,000 It is about going back to the situation before 1967. 341 00:23:04,160 --> 00:23:06,640 Insured people would vote 342 00:23:06,800 --> 00:23:08,800 and have more seats. 343 00:23:08,960 --> 00:23:12,400 At the moment, worker representatives are chosen by trade unions. 344 00:23:12,640 --> 00:23:14,480 CGT representatives: 345 00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:16,680 - Mr Despringre. - Yes. 346 00:23:17,400 --> 00:23:19,240 - Mr Fassanaro. - I'm here. 347 00:23:20,160 --> 00:23:22,080 - Mr Millet. - Present. 348 00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:25,000 FO representatives: 349 00:23:25,480 --> 00:23:27,400 - Mr Pourtalier. - Present. 350 00:23:28,640 --> 00:23:29,800 Mr Gabino. 351 00:23:32,960 --> 00:23:36,040 CFDT: Mr Bur. 352 00:23:37,120 --> 00:23:38,520 - Mr Mathieu. - Present. 353 00:23:40,320 --> 00:23:43,000 CFTC: Mr Valatte. 354 00:23:43,680 --> 00:23:44,920 We have many projects. 355 00:23:45,160 --> 00:23:46,640 The most interesting one 356 00:23:46,800 --> 00:23:50,160 is to repeal the 1967 ordinances. 357 00:23:50,480 --> 00:23:51,680 I totally agree. 358 00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:54,280 ... to give back to the insured 359 00:23:54,480 --> 00:23:57,120 the majority in Social Security Funds. 360 00:23:57,400 --> 00:24:00,200 For this, we need to organise elections. 361 00:24:00,360 --> 00:24:01,520 What's at stake? 362 00:24:01,680 --> 00:24:05,560 To let insured people take responsibility for Social Security. 363 00:24:05,720 --> 00:24:07,080 That's the right word. 364 00:24:07,240 --> 00:24:10,320 Because it isn't a public service like the others. 365 00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:14,120 It is financed from contributions, 366 00:24:14,280 --> 00:24:16,600 from money withdrawn from the insured's wages. 367 00:24:16,760 --> 00:24:19,280 It's only normal to be represented there. 368 00:24:19,520 --> 00:24:22,000 - Of course. - What about the deficit? 369 00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:27,640 It is true that we always have a problem of imbalance 370 00:24:27,800 --> 00:24:29,640 in Social Security finances. 371 00:24:30,560 --> 00:24:34,440 It is due to a different evolution of expenses and receipts. 372 00:24:34,600 --> 00:24:35,520 Common sense! 373 00:24:35,680 --> 00:24:39,080 Social Security expenses depend on people's rights, 374 00:24:39,240 --> 00:24:42,040 and the way they want to exercise them. 375 00:24:42,560 --> 00:24:45,520 On the contrary, as I've just said, 376 00:24:45,680 --> 00:24:47,760 receipts depend on jobs and wages. 377 00:24:47,920 --> 00:24:51,200 If employment suffers, Social Security receipts are low. 378 00:24:51,520 --> 00:24:55,840 Could we reduce expenses, especially those related to healthcare? 379 00:24:56,000 --> 00:24:57,320 - Yes. - That's it. 380 00:24:57,480 --> 00:24:59,160 We can certainly imagine, 381 00:24:59,320 --> 00:25:01,680 not diminishing the extent of protection, 382 00:25:01,840 --> 00:25:03,320 but wasting less. 383 00:25:03,520 --> 00:25:08,000 Users need to agree with us on this. 384 00:25:08,160 --> 00:25:10,440 That's not the end of it though. 385 00:25:11,560 --> 00:25:14,440 Good protection must be paid for. 386 00:25:14,680 --> 00:25:15,880 Here, she admits it. 387 00:25:20,800 --> 00:25:21,920 What do you think? 388 00:25:22,120 --> 00:25:27,200 We all know that the Social Security deficit is large, 389 00:25:27,360 --> 00:25:29,360 Nicole Questiau mentioned it. 390 00:25:29,520 --> 00:25:32,560 - Georges, you're a doctor. - Please, sit down. 391 00:25:32,720 --> 00:25:35,080 Do you think that we'll ever reduce it? 392 00:25:35,240 --> 00:25:36,720 Start to eat though! 393 00:25:37,440 --> 00:25:38,440 It's difficult. 394 00:25:39,040 --> 00:25:43,200 First, we need to take on technical and social progress. 395 00:25:43,840 --> 00:25:46,680 Then, we need to practice quality medicine. 396 00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:51,320 Doctors dislike being held responsible for Social Security deficit. 397 00:25:51,480 --> 00:25:55,560 However, regarding squandering, 398 00:25:55,720 --> 00:25:59,840 they're perfectly happy to collaborate with Social Security, 399 00:26:00,000 --> 00:26:02,960 to ensure a concerted control over expenses. 400 00:26:03,280 --> 00:26:05,960 Indeed, when we cure an elderly person, 401 00:26:06,120 --> 00:26:08,720 our work isn't economically profitable 402 00:26:08,880 --> 00:26:11,200 but humanly, it is. 403 00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:16,000 Shouldn't people feel more responsible though? 404 00:26:16,160 --> 00:26:19,520 True, and Nicole Questiau used the word "responsibility". 405 00:26:19,680 --> 00:26:23,320 We think that, in our individual work, 406 00:26:23,520 --> 00:26:26,360 it is crucial to give patients responsibility 407 00:26:26,520 --> 00:26:29,640 by allowing them to manage their health with us. 408 00:26:29,800 --> 00:26:34,560 On an institutional level, we'd like medical users 409 00:26:34,720 --> 00:26:37,200 to take on Social Security 410 00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:41,120 and become responsible in non monetary ways, just like before. 411 00:26:41,280 --> 00:26:46,040 That's what we're hoping from the Social Security reform, 412 00:26:46,200 --> 00:26:48,720 to move people from handouts to responsibility. 413 00:26:49,280 --> 00:26:52,960 Responsibility, yes, but it will need much tact, 414 00:26:53,120 --> 00:26:57,320 for people not to feel guilty about their or their relatives' illness. 415 00:26:57,480 --> 00:27:00,440 I'm thinking about the mother of a disabled child 416 00:27:00,600 --> 00:27:03,880 who gets a monthly Social Security expense report. 417 00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:08,520 She views it as a criticism. It feels a bit cruel to me. 418 00:27:13,560 --> 00:27:16,320 FIRST NAME : CRISTI FAMILY NAME : HORINE - AUTHOR 419 00:27:17,840 --> 00:27:20,600 ODILE KIRCHNER AUTHOR 420 00:27:22,040 --> 00:27:24,800 MICHELINE PAINTAULT AUTHOR 421 00:27:26,320 --> 00:27:29,080 MARTINE TAUGERON PRODUCTION CONSULTANT 422 00:27:29,440 --> 00:27:31,880 EDITH KRAUSSE IMAGE TECHNICIAN 423 00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:34,680 ALAIN WEILL IMAGE TECHNICIAN 424 00:27:35,120 --> 00:27:37,480 NICOLAS STERN IMAGE TECHNICIAN 425 00:27:37,920 --> 00:27:40,280 GEORGES FILLATRE ELECTRICIAN 426 00:27:40,720 --> 00:27:43,040 CHRISTIAN KASZUBA ELECTRICIAN 427 00:27:43,520 --> 00:27:45,880 YOSKA TURNER GRIP 428 00:27:46,320 --> 00:27:48,680 MARIE-ODILE DUPONT SOUND TECHNICIAN 429 00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:51,480 JEAN-MARC BAUDOIN SOUND TECHNICIAN 430 00:27:51,920 --> 00:27:54,280 JACQUES TOUROVSKY SOUND TECHNICIAN 431 00:27:54,720 --> 00:27:57,080 JOSETTE JOURDAN EDITOR 432 00:27:57,520 --> 00:27:59,880 ROGER BELLON MUSICIAN 433 00:28:00,320 --> 00:28:02,680 RAYMONDE TENDRON PRODUCTION MANAGER 434 00:28:03,120 --> 00:28:05,480 JEAN-DENIS BERRENBAUM ASSISTANT DIRECTOR 435 00:28:05,920 --> 00:28:09,000 MICHELINE PAINTAULT DIRECTOR 436 00:28:10,240 --> 00:28:12,000 WE WOULD LIKE TO THANK 437 00:28:12,160 --> 00:28:15,600 THE INHABITANTS OF L'HÉRAULT FOR THEIR COLLABORATION.