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PEOPLE IN THIS DAY AND AGE
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ALCOHOLISM
I. A CONTEMPORARY ILLNESS
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I don't know
whether our era is unique.
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I question sweeping generalisations
about our present-day society.
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Still, that day in Montlhéry,
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Asterix the Gaul
would have been surprised.
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MOTOR-RACING TRACK
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On that cemented merry-go-round,
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a few two-wheeled high-speed racers
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had invited us
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to a strange ritual.
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3, 2, 1, go!
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Wearing helmets, boots
and leather clothes,
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they worship speed.
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They don't mind the noise.
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My neighbour can't curse
these young motorcyclists.
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They don't circle the housing estate.
They don't speed past his windows.
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These fuel addicts
have a dedicated space
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to share their love
for motorised vehicles.
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I watched them go round.
They looked happy.
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I realised much later that this footage
would help me introduce my topic.
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Watching them speed by,
we can but recognise
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that technique is a dangerous slave
whose revolt proportionally
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matches its feats.
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The more technique advances,
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the more tension,
precision and balance it requires
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of its masters.
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These young people are future champions
or so I hope.
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We call it
Operation Young Tigers.
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How old are they?
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16 to 18.
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How fast were you going?
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We were going over 100 km/h.
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- How fast do such bikes go?
- 110 km/h.
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- They are 50cc.
- Do you still ride motorcycles?
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I never stopped.
I've been riding for 41 years.
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What are your current maximums?
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- My maximum?
- Yes.
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My maximum speed?
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Just now, I've...
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I was well over 200 km/h.
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Do you have a drink before...
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That's crazy.
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Throughout my whole career,
in 41 years,
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- I haven't met a single champion...
- To have an edge?
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No, no, it's so...
What we really need is restraint.
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Do you agree?
No alcohol before racing?
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- Not a drop.
- Why?
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I never drink.
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How do you feel on a motorcycle?
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It's a thrill
I can't find anywhere else.
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Maybe in alcohol?
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No, not at all.
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And what about parties?
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I don't really attend them.
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What do they drink at parties?
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I don't know.
Punch, I suppose.
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But you don't go riding afterwards.
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Do you want to be a champion?
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If possible, yes.
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A champion like who?
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- Mr Monneret.
- Does he impress you?
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A little.
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What about car races?
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The feeling isn't as great
when racing a car
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compared to a motorcycle.
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- What does your father do?
- He races.
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- What's his name?
- Georges Monneret.
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Monneret?
Do you want to be a champion too?
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- Yes.
- What's a champion?
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What's a champion?
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Someone who wins races.
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Do you think
you'll win many of them?
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Have you ever ridden the track
in Montlhéry?
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- I just did.
- A whole lap?
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Yes.
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- A whole lap?
- Yes.
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Aren't these children odd?
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They've already adjusted to our world.
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Nothing fazes them.
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Tomorrow, they'll operate
electronic machines,
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and maybe take a closer look
at the stars.
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For you, riding is a sport.
Are you disciplined?
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Do you smoke?
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- No.
- I don't.
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- Do you drink?
- No, never.
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- No alcohol at all?
- Never.
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Not even with your buddies?
Honestly?
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- Sometimes, but...
- Yes?
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Normally, like everybody else.
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Have you ever taken part in a race?
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Yes.
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What about the day before?
You go to bed early?
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We usually repair the machine,
depending on the race.
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- You're all students.
- No.
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I'm an office clerk.
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- You?
- I'm a mechanic.
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Do you ever worry about accidents?
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- No.
- Does it ever cross your mind?
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Have you ever been afraid
on a motorcycle?
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- Yes.
- Go on.
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The first time you're in a race,
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it feels weird
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in a bend.
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What about a drink then?
For Dutch courage?
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Absolutely not.
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- And you, Miss?
- I don't think so.
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It creates a false sense of safety,
which leads to accidents.
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Are you afraid on a bike?
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- No, except if I'm riding on the back.
- On the back.
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M. Monneret, have you ever taken fright?
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I have because I've been
in unforeseen accidents,
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mechanical ones.
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All in all,
in 41 years of competition,
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I've only stayed in hospital for 2 days.
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Is riding a motorcycle dangerous?
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No.
Man is dangerous.
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Neither motorcycles
nor cars are dangerous.
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Man is dangerous.
His lack of balance.
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In my view, the road is where you find
the most unbalanced people.
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It isn't about cars
or motorcycles being dangerous.
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Some human beings
aren't aware of their responsibility,
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when driving a family or someone else.
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Is there a bend?
Is it raining?
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That's the problem: imbalance.
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Do some boys have more talent?
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Of course!
That's for sure.
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- What...
- Let me say this.
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Between a gifted, unbalanced racer
and an ungifted, balanced one,
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I prefer
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the second one.
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What qualities do you require?
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Balance.
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There are men who, precisely,
have lost their balance.
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They have plunged into darkness.
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We wanted to get to know them,
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to try and understand why.
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They have sought refuge near trees.
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They needed green blades of grass,
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flowers,
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space.
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They have fled noise, speed,
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hard days, pointless work,
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a ruthless pace,
harrowing questions, anguish,
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solitude.
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They needed a mirror
to recognise themselves.
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They found one in the Seine.
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These men whose faces we won't see
are fighting in semi-secrecy
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an evil that has beset them
for a long time.
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It helped them to forget,
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and to fill a huge void,
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but it inevitably broke them.
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M. Roucou, you met us at the park gate.
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Where exactly are we?
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This estate used to be
a place of leisure.
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It is called Château de Thun.
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It spreads over 17 acres.
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These men
have courageously started to fight
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our society's most common drug:
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alcohol.
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They could no longer do without it.
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What about the men we saw in the garden?
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That's quite a story.
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The purpose of the estate has changed.
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It is a treatment centre now.
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We call it an aftercare facility.
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We receive patients
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who have gone through detox
in a hospital.
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They come here for convalescence.
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They are self-motivated.
Life had become unbearable.
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They felt utterly desperate
and cruelly impaired,
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on the verge of ruin.
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But they also undergo treatment
for their wives
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and children.
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This issue is most serious in families.
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That's where pain is most grievous.
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Dr Fouquet, we are used
to viewing alcoholism
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as a vice.
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People think patients have no willpower.
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What's your definition of alcoholism?
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Well...
See...
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Indeed, the first way
to approach this issue
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is to think that alcoholics suffer
from a pathological lack of willpower.
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You mentioned it earlier:
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they are viewed as weak people
who should behave differently.
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However, doctors think
that this is an actual illness,
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albeit an unusual one.
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We can start by defining it
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as a loss of freedom
to abstain from alcohol.
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This definition immediately introduces
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the concept of losing your freedom.
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If you have lost the freedom
to behave normally
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towards the outside world or alcohol,
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it is already pathological.
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You just go shopping,
with no intention of having a drink,
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and you're drawn into a café.
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You don't need that many problems.
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You go out for 5 min,
meet a friend, have a drink.
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Sometimes, there's not even a friend.
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You play one, two games of dominoes,
then a game of cards,
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suddenly you glance at your watch
and drinks have piled up.
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Furthermore, not only is it an illness
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because you lose your freedom,
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but also because it affects
body and mind.
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You're on a high, drugged.
You don't react the same anymore.
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When I went to Bicêtre,
I could neither see nor read.
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You get all worked up.
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Your actions become reckless.
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Alcoholism can cause
cirrhosis, polyneuritis,
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i.e. walking difficulties.
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There are also serious digestive, sleep,
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mood and personality disorders.
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And also, on the intellectual level,
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some sort of intellectual weakening,
a decline.
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This can go very far,
up to encephalopathy,
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a condition close to dementia.
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How long does it take
to become an alcoholic?
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That's a tough one.
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You can become
an alcoholic at a young age.
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Or you may need 10, 15, 20
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or 30 years of intoxication.
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Often you hear that so-and-so
reached 90 years of age
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and was still drinking.
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- What do you think?
- I wouldn't be so sure about it.
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If they drank 4 litres
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daily up to the age of 90,
I would be surprised.
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You can become an alcoholic
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because you've been
drinking continuously
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a daily dose of over one litre of wine,
for example.
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You start when you're 18
and by the time you're 45 or 55,
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you might be an alcoholic.
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This form of alcoholism
is very common in France,
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and the toxic factor
plays a huge role in it.
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Slowly, progressively,
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very steadily,
these people poison themselves.
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At one point, they start suffering
from major disorders.
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Another rather common form
of alcoholism in France
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affects mainly young people,
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teenagers or young adults
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who are usually worried,
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anxious, phobic, timid, shy,
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who don't feel comfortable
in their own skin.
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Sometimes they encounter alcohol,
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and enter into a pathological
relationship with it,
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because it feels
like some kind of medicine to them.
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If you're away from your family
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or if your family
isn't even worth mentioning,
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what do you do?
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You don't stay in the rain.
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You look for shelter.
You enter a café.
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What did it mean to you?
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To me, the café was like a safe haven.
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I've been on the road since I was 14.
Never had a family, nothing.
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You do acknowledge
that alcohol has virtues though.
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00:17:44,840 --> 00:17:46,840
Of course, it has.
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- I hope you've had wine.
- I have.
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And that you've enjoyed it.
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I wanted this company to hire me.
I'd had my eye on them for 5-6 years.
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I didn't get drunk but I was feeling it.
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00:18:00,360 --> 00:18:02,800
They hired me.
I stayed there for 5 years.
261
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Impossible without alcohol.
262
00:18:05,360 --> 00:18:09,080
To function better
or to tell them to go hell...
263
00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:10,560
Exactly.
264
00:18:11,320 --> 00:18:13,440
What about female alcoholics?
265
00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:15,120
There are fewer of them.
266
00:18:15,760 --> 00:18:19,120
We don't have enough statistics
at the moment,
267
00:18:19,280 --> 00:18:24,080
but it looks as if the number
of female alcoholics is rising.
268
00:18:24,560 --> 00:18:28,040
But it remains a male privilege,
if I may say so.
269
00:18:28,600 --> 00:18:30,080
What about class?
270
00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:34,880
Again, I believe
we harbour misconceptions here.
271
00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:37,840
All classes, any of them,
272
00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:40,920
can be affected by alcoholism.
273
00:18:41,600 --> 00:18:45,640
Alcoholism isn't solely
a working class problem
274
00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:49,200
or the consequence of social drinking.
275
00:18:49,360 --> 00:18:52,600
That's precisely
why we think that it's an illness.
276
00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:55,200
Whatever class you belong to
277
00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:57,400
you can become an alcoholic.
278
00:18:58,680 --> 00:19:03,360
Some doctors say
that whisky is good for your arteries.
279
00:19:03,520 --> 00:19:06,920
- Oh, that...
- What's your opinion?
280
00:19:07,080 --> 00:19:08,600
Let's be careful.
281
00:19:08,760 --> 00:19:12,800
Whisky,
just like any other alcoholic beverage,
282
00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:14,480
is a vasodilator.
283
00:19:14,640 --> 00:19:17,400
And so, advertising
has seized this opportunity
284
00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:21,280
to say that if you have coronaritis
or other heart troubles,
285
00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:22,680
drink whisky.
286
00:19:22,840 --> 00:19:25,160
Visit your cardiologist or GP instead.
287
00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:28,360
They'll certainly give you
a better treatment.
288
00:19:29,640 --> 00:19:31,680
Whisky is no medicine.
289
00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:33,080
Definitely not.
290
00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:35,480
They say that vino won us the war,
291
00:19:35,640 --> 00:19:40,400
that wine makes men strong,
generous, manly, etc.
292
00:19:40,760 --> 00:19:44,560
They are just petty marketing slogans.
293
00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:46,120
On a building site,
294
00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:51,080
a guy needs to do like the others
and have wine too.
295
00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:54,960
If he doesn't drink,
they won't accept him.
296
00:19:55,120 --> 00:19:57,800
At first, he hesitates.
297
00:19:57,960 --> 00:20:00,320
Then one day, he joins them.
298
00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:02,440
You know what elders say:
299
00:20:02,600 --> 00:20:05,960
"Not feeling well today?
Have a drink, you'll feel better."
300
00:20:06,120 --> 00:20:10,000
We weren't really proud
about getting the ship's boy tipsy.
301
00:20:10,160 --> 00:20:13,160
He didn't need as much as we did,
that's for sure.
302
00:20:13,920 --> 00:20:15,440
We had a good laugh then.
303
00:20:16,400 --> 00:20:18,760
Those cafés are always well placed.
304
00:20:19,120 --> 00:20:20,920
A day's work has worn you out.
305
00:20:21,640 --> 00:20:23,960
You've arrived at a port of call.
306
00:20:24,120 --> 00:20:25,960
A café is always right there.
307
00:20:26,440 --> 00:20:30,040
Up until the late 18th century,
308
00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:32,080
alcohol was rare,
309
00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:36,880
expensive,
hard to produce and keep.
310
00:20:37,040 --> 00:20:38,720
Distribution was hard too.
311
00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:41,920
But for the past 150 years,
312
00:20:42,080 --> 00:20:46,160
the big difference
is that alcohol has been everywhere.
313
00:20:46,320 --> 00:20:49,360
You can find it wherever you are,
whenever you want.
314
00:20:49,520 --> 00:20:54,400
This fundamental, economic
and social phenomenon
315
00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:57,440
is at the root of the problem
that is alcoholism.
316
00:20:58,160 --> 00:20:59,560
Alcohol exists,
317
00:20:59,840 --> 00:21:01,080
it always has.
318
00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:06,320
Very few countries enforce prohibition.
A few still do.
319
00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:08,480
Very few.
320
00:21:08,640 --> 00:21:11,480
Man may always need
some kind of poison.
321
00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:13,200
Just don't choose this one.
322
00:21:22,680 --> 00:21:26,160
IN THE SERIES HOSTED
BY PIERRE LOUIS GAUTHIER
323
00:21:26,320 --> 00:21:29,800
ASSISTED BY BERNARD BOUTHIER
324
00:21:30,400 --> 00:21:36,400
A PROGRAMME
BY MICHEL AND CLAUDE NICOLETTI
325
00:21:36,960 --> 00:21:42,080
WITH THE PARTICIPATION
OF DOCTOR FOUQUET
326
00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:47,120
GEORGES MONNERET
327
00:21:47,640 --> 00:21:53,640
AND M. ROUCOU, DIRECTOR
OF THE AFTERCARE CENTRE IN THUN
328
00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:59,760
FOOTAGE:
MARC TERZIEFF - FRANÇOIS VIEUXGUÉ
329
00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:04,280
SOUND:
CHRISTIAN HACKSPILL
330
00:22:04,880 --> 00:22:08,440
MIXING:
JEAN CLAUDE MARCHETTI
331
00:22:09,040 --> 00:22:12,560
SCRIPT:
BRIGITTE AUFFRAY
332
00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:16,640
EDITING: SIMONE DUBRON
333
00:22:17,240 --> 00:22:21,840
ASSISTANT DIRECTOR:
PATRICE GAUTHIER
334
00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:28,400
DIRECTOR:
BERNARD PLANQUE
335
00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:33,440
Subtitles: Élisabeth Fuchs