1 00:00:23,640 --> 00:00:29,640 MEN IN THEIR TIME 2 00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:37,920 ALCOHOLISM I. A CONTEMPORARY ILLNESS 3 00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:49,760 I don't know whether our era is unique. 4 00:00:50,200 --> 00:00:54,200 I question sweeping generalisations about present-day society. 5 00:00:55,000 --> 00:00:58,000 Still, that day in Montlhéry, 6 00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:00,800 Asterix the Gaul would have been surprised. 7 00:01:04,240 --> 00:01:07,040 MOTOR RACING TRACK 8 00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:26,520 On that cement merry-go-round, 9 00:01:26,680 --> 00:01:28,880 some two-wheeled high-speed racers 10 00:01:29,160 --> 00:01:30,120 had invited us 11 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:31,640 to a strange ritual. 12 00:02:54,520 --> 00:02:57,600 3, 2, 1, go! 13 00:03:07,560 --> 00:03:10,760 Wearing helmets, boots and leather suits, 14 00:03:10,920 --> 00:03:13,280 they worship speed. 15 00:03:13,440 --> 00:03:15,160 They don't mind the noise. 16 00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:19,720 My neighbour can't curse these young motorcyclists. 17 00:03:19,880 --> 00:03:24,160 They don't circle the housing estate. They don't speed past his windows. 18 00:03:24,320 --> 00:03:27,920 These speed-aholics have a dedicated space 19 00:03:28,080 --> 00:03:30,720 to share their love of motorised vehicles. 20 00:03:43,800 --> 00:03:46,680 I watched them go round. They looked happy. 21 00:03:48,320 --> 00:03:53,240 I realised much later that this footage would help me introduce my topic. 22 00:03:54,440 --> 00:03:57,680 Watching them speed by, we see 23 00:03:57,840 --> 00:04:01,600 that technique is a dangerous slave whose revolt proportionally 24 00:04:01,840 --> 00:04:03,480 matches its feats. 25 00:04:05,640 --> 00:04:07,360 The more technique advances, 26 00:04:07,520 --> 00:04:11,080 the more tension, precision and balance it requires 27 00:04:11,320 --> 00:04:12,480 of its masters. 28 00:04:31,320 --> 00:04:34,440 These young people are future champions or so I hope. 29 00:04:35,720 --> 00:04:37,680 We call it Operation Young Tigers. 30 00:04:38,200 --> 00:04:39,520 How old are they? 31 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:41,400 16 to 18. 32 00:04:41,560 --> 00:04:43,640 How fast were you going? 33 00:04:43,800 --> 00:04:45,600 We were going over 100 km/h. 34 00:04:45,760 --> 00:04:48,320 - How fast do such bikes go? - 110 km/h. 35 00:04:48,480 --> 00:04:51,360 - They are 50cc. - Do you still ride motorcycles? 36 00:04:51,520 --> 00:04:55,080 I never stopped. I've been going for 41 years. 37 00:04:55,240 --> 00:04:57,160 What is your current record? 38 00:04:57,320 --> 00:04:59,280 - My maximum? - Yes. 39 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:00,480 My maximum speed? 40 00:05:00,640 --> 00:05:03,040 Just now, I've... 41 00:05:03,320 --> 00:05:05,320 I was well over 200 km/h. 42 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:13,400 I hear some have a drink before. 43 00:05:13,560 --> 00:05:14,720 That's crazy. 44 00:05:14,880 --> 00:05:18,000 Throughout my whole career, in 41 years, 45 00:05:18,160 --> 00:05:21,440 - I haven't met a single champion... - To have an edge? 46 00:05:21,600 --> 00:05:25,600 No, no, it's so... What we really need is restraint. 47 00:05:26,520 --> 00:05:28,960 Do you agree? No alcohol before racing? 48 00:05:29,120 --> 00:05:31,440 - Not a drop. - Why? 49 00:05:32,520 --> 00:05:33,560 I never drink. 50 00:05:34,080 --> 00:05:35,880 How do you feel on a motorcycle? 51 00:05:36,040 --> 00:05:38,680 It's a thrill I can't find anywhere else. 52 00:05:38,840 --> 00:05:40,800 Maybe in alcohol? 53 00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:42,560 No, not at all. 54 00:05:42,720 --> 00:05:44,360 And what about parties? 55 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:46,760 I don't really go to parties. 56 00:05:46,920 --> 00:05:48,520 What do they drink at parties? 57 00:05:48,680 --> 00:05:51,560 I don't know. Punch, I suppose. 58 00:05:51,720 --> 00:05:53,960 But you don't go riding afterwards. 59 00:05:54,240 --> 00:05:55,840 Do you want to be a champion? 60 00:05:56,120 --> 00:05:57,440 If possible, yes. 61 00:05:57,600 --> 00:05:59,200 A champion like who? 62 00:05:59,360 --> 00:06:02,200 - Mr Monneret. - Does he impress you? 63 00:06:02,360 --> 00:06:03,320 A little. 64 00:06:03,480 --> 00:06:05,760 What about car races? 65 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:08,960 The feeling isn't as great when racing a car 66 00:06:09,120 --> 00:06:10,920 compared to a motorcycle. 67 00:06:11,440 --> 00:06:13,480 - What does your father do? - He races. 68 00:06:13,640 --> 00:06:16,000 - What's his name? - Georges Monneret. 69 00:06:16,160 --> 00:06:18,880 Monneret? Do you want to be a champion too? 70 00:06:19,280 --> 00:06:21,160 - Yes. - What's a champion? 71 00:06:22,640 --> 00:06:24,160 What's a champion? 72 00:06:24,680 --> 00:06:26,680 Someone who wins races. 73 00:06:26,840 --> 00:06:29,160 Do you think you'll win many of them? 74 00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:34,840 Have you ever ridden the track in Montlhéry? 75 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:37,120 - I just did. - A whole lap? 76 00:06:37,280 --> 00:06:38,080 Yes. 77 00:06:38,240 --> 00:06:39,720 - A whole lap? - Yes. 78 00:06:45,120 --> 00:06:47,160 Aren't these children odd? 79 00:06:47,640 --> 00:06:50,200 They've already adjusted to our world. 80 00:06:50,440 --> 00:06:51,840 Nothing fazes them. 81 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:54,720 Tomorrow, they'll operate electronic machines, 82 00:06:54,880 --> 00:06:57,240 and maybe see the stars up close. 83 00:06:57,680 --> 00:07:01,880 For you, motorcycling is a sport. Are you disciplined? 84 00:07:02,240 --> 00:07:03,720 Do you smoke? 85 00:07:04,560 --> 00:07:05,720 - No. - I don't. 86 00:07:05,920 --> 00:07:09,080 - Do you drink? - No, never. 87 00:07:09,240 --> 00:07:10,640 - No alcohol at all? - Never. 88 00:07:10,800 --> 00:07:13,600 Not even with your buddies? Honestly? 89 00:07:13,760 --> 00:07:16,920 - Sometimes, but... - Yes? 90 00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:18,760 Normally, like everybody else. 91 00:07:18,920 --> 00:07:21,120 Have you ever raced? 92 00:07:21,480 --> 00:07:22,560 Yes. 93 00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:25,440 What happens the day before? You go to bed early? 94 00:07:25,720 --> 00:07:29,160 We usually repair the bike, depending on the race. 95 00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:30,720 - You're all students. - No. 96 00:07:31,600 --> 00:07:33,520 I'm an office clerk. 97 00:07:33,680 --> 00:07:35,240 - You? - I'm a mechanic. 98 00:07:35,400 --> 00:07:38,800 Do you ever worry about accidents? 99 00:07:38,960 --> 00:07:40,840 - No. - Does it ever cross your mind? 100 00:07:41,000 --> 00:07:43,040 Have you ever been afraid on a motorcycle? 101 00:07:43,320 --> 00:07:44,560 - Yes. - Go on. 102 00:07:44,840 --> 00:07:46,720 In your first race, 103 00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:48,600 you get a strange feeling 104 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:51,160 in the turns. 105 00:07:51,320 --> 00:07:53,800 What about a drink then? For Dutch courage? 106 00:07:54,320 --> 00:07:56,440 Absolutely not. 107 00:07:56,600 --> 00:07:59,120 - And you, Miss? - I don't think so. 108 00:07:59,280 --> 00:08:02,600 It creates a false sense of safety, which leads to accidents. 109 00:08:02,960 --> 00:08:04,680 Are you afraid on a bike? 110 00:08:04,840 --> 00:08:08,240 - No, except if I'm riding on the back. - On the back. 111 00:08:08,400 --> 00:08:10,960 M. Monneret, have you ever taken fright? 112 00:08:11,120 --> 00:08:13,760 I have because I've been in unforeseen accidents, 113 00:08:13,920 --> 00:08:15,520 mechanical ones. 114 00:08:15,680 --> 00:08:17,920 All in all, in 41 years of competition, 115 00:08:18,120 --> 00:08:20,840 I've only stayed in hospital for 2 days. 116 00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:22,880 Is riding a motorcycle dangerous? 117 00:08:23,040 --> 00:08:25,520 No. Man is dangerous. 118 00:08:25,680 --> 00:08:28,160 Neither motorcycles nor cars are dangerous. 119 00:08:28,320 --> 00:08:31,040 Man is dangerous. His lack of balance. 120 00:08:31,200 --> 00:08:35,200 In my view, the road is where you find the most unbalanced people. 121 00:08:35,360 --> 00:08:39,000 It isn't about cars or motorcycles being dangerous. 122 00:08:39,160 --> 00:08:43,760 Some human beings aren't aware of their responsibility, 123 00:08:43,920 --> 00:08:46,120 when driving family or someone else. 124 00:08:46,280 --> 00:08:48,120 Is there a bend? Is it raining? 125 00:08:48,280 --> 00:08:51,080 That's the problem: imbalance. 126 00:08:51,240 --> 00:08:53,440 Do some boys have more talent? 127 00:08:53,600 --> 00:08:55,240 Of course! That's for sure. 128 00:08:55,400 --> 00:08:57,080 - What... - Let me say this. 129 00:08:57,240 --> 00:09:00,920 Between a gifted, unbalanced racer and an ungifted, balanced one, 130 00:09:01,080 --> 00:09:04,320 I prefer 131 00:09:04,480 --> 00:09:06,040 the latter. 132 00:09:06,200 --> 00:09:08,160 What qualities do you require? 133 00:09:08,920 --> 00:09:09,920 Balance. 134 00:09:45,080 --> 00:09:49,080 There are men who, indeed, have lost their balance. 135 00:09:50,720 --> 00:09:53,840 They have plunged into darkness. 136 00:09:56,680 --> 00:09:58,640 We wanted to get to know them, 137 00:09:59,600 --> 00:10:02,280 to try and understand why. 138 00:10:44,800 --> 00:10:47,600 They have sought refuge near trees. 139 00:10:48,160 --> 00:10:50,960 They needed green blades of grass, 140 00:10:51,120 --> 00:10:52,280 flowers, 141 00:10:52,760 --> 00:10:54,480 space. 142 00:10:55,440 --> 00:10:58,400 They have fled noise, speed, 143 00:10:58,560 --> 00:11:02,120 hard days, pointless work, 144 00:11:02,280 --> 00:11:06,480 a ruthless pace, harrowing questions, anguish, 145 00:11:06,800 --> 00:11:08,560 solitude. 146 00:11:08,720 --> 00:11:11,240 They needed a mirror to recognise themselves. 147 00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:13,440 They found one in the Seine. 148 00:11:38,680 --> 00:11:42,480 These men whose faces we won't see are fighting in semi-secrecy 149 00:11:42,640 --> 00:11:45,320 an evil that has long beset them. 150 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:47,200 It had helped them to forget, 151 00:11:47,480 --> 00:11:49,680 and to fill a huge void, 152 00:11:49,960 --> 00:11:51,960 but it inevitably broke them. 153 00:11:54,520 --> 00:11:57,040 M. Roucou, you met us at the park gate. 154 00:11:57,240 --> 00:11:58,920 Where exactly are we? 155 00:11:59,080 --> 00:12:03,680 This estate used to be a place of leisure. 156 00:12:03,840 --> 00:12:06,360 It is called Château de Thun. 157 00:12:07,080 --> 00:12:08,600 It spreads over 17 acres. 158 00:12:12,680 --> 00:12:14,840 These men have courageously started to fight 159 00:12:15,000 --> 00:12:17,960 our society's most common drug: 160 00:12:18,120 --> 00:12:19,160 alcohol. 161 00:12:19,320 --> 00:12:21,560 They could no longer do without it. 162 00:12:30,160 --> 00:12:32,800 What about the men we saw in the garden? 163 00:12:32,960 --> 00:12:36,160 That's quite a story. 164 00:12:36,320 --> 00:12:38,880 The purpose of the estate has changed. 165 00:12:39,040 --> 00:12:42,040 It is a treatment centre now. 166 00:12:42,200 --> 00:12:44,200 We call it an aftercare facility. 167 00:12:44,360 --> 00:12:46,280 We receive patients 168 00:12:46,440 --> 00:12:48,880 who have gone through detox in a hospital. 169 00:12:49,040 --> 00:12:51,280 They come here for convalescence. 170 00:12:53,080 --> 00:12:56,920 They fight for themselves. Life had become unbearable. 171 00:12:58,160 --> 00:13:02,160 Some, utterly desperate and cruelly impaired, 172 00:13:02,440 --> 00:13:04,120 were on the verge of ruin. 173 00:13:04,880 --> 00:13:07,520 But they also undergo treatment for their wives 174 00:13:07,760 --> 00:13:08,840 and children. 175 00:13:09,000 --> 00:13:11,760 The problem is worse for families. 176 00:13:12,040 --> 00:13:14,560 That's where pain is most grievous. 177 00:13:23,560 --> 00:13:26,840 Dr Fouquet, we are used to viewing alcoholism 178 00:13:27,000 --> 00:13:28,560 as a vice. 179 00:13:28,720 --> 00:13:31,280 People think patients have no willpower. 180 00:13:31,440 --> 00:13:34,120 What's your definition of alcoholism? 181 00:13:34,280 --> 00:13:36,480 Well... See... 182 00:13:36,640 --> 00:13:40,560 Indeed, the first way to approach this issue 183 00:13:40,720 --> 00:13:46,400 is to think that alcoholics suffer from a pathological lack of willpower. 184 00:13:46,560 --> 00:13:48,120 You mentioned it earlier: 185 00:13:48,280 --> 00:13:53,240 they are viewed as weak people who should behave differently. 186 00:13:53,400 --> 00:13:58,440 However, doctors think that this is an actual illness, 187 00:13:58,600 --> 00:14:01,320 albeit an unusual one. 188 00:14:01,480 --> 00:14:04,000 It can first be defined 189 00:14:04,160 --> 00:14:09,360 as losing the ability to abstain from alcohol. 190 00:14:09,920 --> 00:14:12,920 This definition immediately introduces 191 00:14:13,080 --> 00:14:15,240 the concept of losing your freedom. 192 00:14:15,480 --> 00:14:20,600 If you have lost the freedom to behave normally 193 00:14:20,760 --> 00:14:23,840 towards the outside world or alcohol, 194 00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:27,040 it is already pathological. 195 00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:32,040 You just go shopping, with no intention of having a drink, 196 00:14:32,200 --> 00:14:34,120 and you're drawn into a café. 197 00:14:34,280 --> 00:14:36,600 You don't need that many problems. 198 00:14:36,760 --> 00:14:39,520 You go out for 5 min, meet a friend, have a drink. 199 00:14:39,680 --> 00:14:41,880 Sometimes, there's not even a friend. 200 00:14:42,160 --> 00:14:45,600 You play one, two games of dominoes, then a game of cards, 201 00:14:45,760 --> 00:14:49,600 suddenly you glance at your watch and drinks have piled up. 202 00:14:50,200 --> 00:14:53,600 Furthermore, not only is it an illness 203 00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:55,640 because you lose your freedom, 204 00:14:55,800 --> 00:14:59,440 but also because it affects body and mind. 205 00:14:59,760 --> 00:15:03,440 You're doped up, drugged. You don't react the same anymore. 206 00:15:04,000 --> 00:15:07,160 When I went to Bicêtre, I could neither see nor read. 207 00:15:08,640 --> 00:15:10,440 You get all worked up. 208 00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:14,320 You lose track of your actions. 209 00:15:14,680 --> 00:15:18,200 Alcoholism can cause cirrhosis, polyneuritis, 210 00:15:18,360 --> 00:15:19,960 i.e. walking difficulties. 211 00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:23,760 There are also serious digestive, sleep, 212 00:15:23,920 --> 00:15:25,840 mood and personality disorders. 213 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:28,320 And also, on the intellectual level, 214 00:15:28,840 --> 00:15:32,640 some sort of intellectual weakening, a decline. 215 00:15:32,880 --> 00:15:37,080 This can go very far, to encephalopathy, 216 00:15:37,240 --> 00:15:39,720 a condition close to dementia. 217 00:15:39,880 --> 00:15:42,520 How long does it take to become an alcoholic? 218 00:15:42,760 --> 00:15:44,400 That's a tough one. 219 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:47,200 You can become an alcoholic at a young age. 220 00:15:47,360 --> 00:15:52,000 Or you may need 10, 15, 20 221 00:15:52,160 --> 00:15:54,160 or 30 years of intoxication. 222 00:15:54,320 --> 00:15:57,560 Often you hear that so-and-so reached 90 years of age 223 00:15:57,720 --> 00:15:59,120 and was still drinking. 224 00:15:59,280 --> 00:16:03,200 - What do you think? - I wouldn't be so sure about it. 225 00:16:03,360 --> 00:16:05,040 If they drank 4 litres 226 00:16:05,280 --> 00:16:08,640 daily up to the age of 90, I would be surprised. 227 00:16:08,880 --> 00:16:11,120 You can become an alcoholic 228 00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:14,600 because you've been drinking continuously 229 00:16:14,760 --> 00:16:19,880 a daily dose of over one litre of wine, for example. 230 00:16:20,040 --> 00:16:24,640 You start when you're 18 and by the time you're 45 or 55, 231 00:16:24,800 --> 00:16:26,680 you might be an alcoholic. 232 00:16:26,840 --> 00:16:30,280 This form of alcoholism is very common in France, 233 00:16:30,440 --> 00:16:34,760 and the toxic factor is very important. 234 00:16:35,120 --> 00:16:37,960 Slowly, progressively, 235 00:16:38,120 --> 00:16:42,000 very steadily, these people poison themselves. 236 00:16:42,160 --> 00:16:45,520 At one point, they start suffering from major disorders. 237 00:16:46,240 --> 00:16:49,840 Another rather common form of alcoholism in France 238 00:16:50,000 --> 00:16:52,120 affects mainly young people, 239 00:16:52,520 --> 00:16:57,320 teenagers or young adults 240 00:16:57,480 --> 00:17:02,200 who are usually worried, 241 00:17:02,360 --> 00:17:07,520 anxious, phobic, timid, shy, 242 00:17:07,680 --> 00:17:10,480 who don't feel comfortable in their own skin. 243 00:17:10,640 --> 00:17:14,080 Sometimes they encounter alcohol, 244 00:17:14,240 --> 00:17:16,960 and enter into a pathological relationship with it, 245 00:17:17,120 --> 00:17:20,000 because it feels like some kind of medicine to them. 246 00:17:20,480 --> 00:17:22,280 If you're away from your family 247 00:17:22,440 --> 00:17:26,360 or if your family isn't even worth mentioning, 248 00:17:26,520 --> 00:17:27,680 what do you do? 249 00:17:27,840 --> 00:17:29,320 You don't stay in the rain. 250 00:17:29,560 --> 00:17:32,000 You look for shelter. You enter a café. 251 00:17:32,160 --> 00:17:33,600 What did it mean to you? 252 00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:37,360 To me, the café was like a safe haven. 253 00:17:37,520 --> 00:17:41,040 I've been on the road since I was 14. Never had a family, nothing. 254 00:17:41,440 --> 00:17:44,680 You do acknowledge that alcohol has virtues though. 255 00:17:44,840 --> 00:17:46,840 Of course, it has. 256 00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:48,960 - I hope you've had wine. - I have. 257 00:17:49,120 --> 00:17:50,840 And that you've enjoyed it. 258 00:17:51,560 --> 00:17:56,360 I wanted this company to hire me. I'd had my eye on them for 5-6 years. 259 00:17:57,000 --> 00:18:00,200 I didn't get drunk but I was feeling it. 260 00:18:00,360 --> 00:18:02,800 They hired me. I stayed there for 5 years. 261 00:18:03,400 --> 00:18:05,040 Impossible without alcohol. 262 00:18:05,360 --> 00:18:09,080 To function better or to tell them to go hell... 263 00:18:09,240 --> 00:18:10,560 Exactly. 264 00:18:11,320 --> 00:18:13,440 What about female alcoholics? 265 00:18:13,600 --> 00:18:15,120 There are fewer of them. 266 00:18:15,760 --> 00:18:19,120 We don't have enough statistics at the moment, 267 00:18:19,280 --> 00:18:24,080 but it looks as if the number of female alcoholics is rising. 268 00:18:24,560 --> 00:18:28,040 But it remains a male privilege, if I may say so. 269 00:18:28,600 --> 00:18:30,080 What about class? 270 00:18:32,040 --> 00:18:34,880 Again, I believe we harbour misconceptions here. 271 00:18:35,040 --> 00:18:37,840 All classes, any of them, 272 00:18:38,000 --> 00:18:40,920 can be affected by alcoholism. 273 00:18:41,600 --> 00:18:45,640 Alcoholism isn't solely a working class problem 274 00:18:45,800 --> 00:18:49,200 or the consequence of social drinking. 275 00:18:49,360 --> 00:18:52,600 That's precisely why we think that it's an illness. 276 00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:55,200 Whatever class you belong to 277 00:18:55,480 --> 00:18:57,400 you can become an alcoholic. 278 00:18:58,680 --> 00:19:03,360 Some doctors say that whisky is good for your arteries. 279 00:19:03,520 --> 00:19:06,920 - Oh, that... - What's your opinion? 280 00:19:07,080 --> 00:19:08,600 Let's be careful. 281 00:19:08,760 --> 00:19:12,800 Whisky, just like any other alcoholic beverage, 282 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:14,480 is a vasodilator. 283 00:19:14,640 --> 00:19:17,400 And so, advertising has seized this opportunity 284 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:21,280 to say that if you have coronaritis or other heart troubles, 285 00:19:21,440 --> 00:19:22,680 drink whisky. 286 00:19:22,840 --> 00:19:25,160 Visit your cardiologist or GP instead. 287 00:19:25,320 --> 00:19:28,360 They'll certainly give you a better treatment. 288 00:19:29,640 --> 00:19:31,680 Whisky is no medicine. 289 00:19:32,280 --> 00:19:33,080 Definitely not. 290 00:19:33,240 --> 00:19:35,480 They say that vino won us the war, 291 00:19:35,640 --> 00:19:40,400 that wine makes men strong, generous, manly, etc. 292 00:19:40,760 --> 00:19:44,560 They are just petty marketing slogans. 293 00:19:45,000 --> 00:19:46,120 On a building site, 294 00:19:46,280 --> 00:19:51,080 a guy needs to do like the others and have wine too. 295 00:19:51,240 --> 00:19:54,960 If he doesn't drink, they won't accept him. 296 00:19:55,120 --> 00:19:57,800 At first, he hesitates. 297 00:19:57,960 --> 00:20:00,320 Then one day, he joins them. 298 00:20:00,840 --> 00:20:02,360 The older guys say: 299 00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:05,960 "Not feeling well today? Have a drink, you'll feel better." 300 00:20:06,120 --> 00:20:10,000 We weren't really proud about getting the ship's boy tipsy. 301 00:20:10,160 --> 00:20:13,160 He didn't need as much as we did, that's for sure. 302 00:20:13,920 --> 00:20:15,440 We had a good laugh then. 303 00:20:16,400 --> 00:20:18,760 Those cafés are always well placed. 304 00:20:19,120 --> 00:20:20,920 A day's work has worn you out. 305 00:20:21,640 --> 00:20:23,960 You've arrived at a port of call. 306 00:20:24,120 --> 00:20:25,960 A café is always right there. 307 00:20:26,440 --> 00:20:30,040 Up until the late 18th century, 308 00:20:30,200 --> 00:20:32,080 alcohol was rare, 309 00:20:32,240 --> 00:20:36,880 expensive, hard to produce and keep. 310 00:20:37,040 --> 00:20:38,720 Distribution was hard too. 311 00:20:38,880 --> 00:20:41,920 But for the past 150 years, 312 00:20:42,080 --> 00:20:46,160 the big difference is that alcohol is everywhere. 313 00:20:46,320 --> 00:20:49,360 You can find it wherever you are, whenever you want. 314 00:20:49,520 --> 00:20:54,400 This fundamental, economic and social phenomenon 315 00:20:54,560 --> 00:20:57,440 is at the root of the problem that is alcoholism. 316 00:20:58,160 --> 00:20:59,560 Alcohol exists, 317 00:20:59,840 --> 00:21:01,080 it always has. 318 00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:06,320 Very few countries enforce prohibition. A few still do. 319 00:21:07,680 --> 00:21:08,480 Very few. 320 00:21:08,640 --> 00:21:11,480 Man may always need some kind of poison. 321 00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:13,200 Just don't choose this one. 322 00:21:22,680 --> 00:21:26,160 IN THE SERIES HOSTED BY PIERRE LOUIS GAUTHIER 323 00:21:26,320 --> 00:21:29,800 ASSISTED BY BERNARD BOUTHIER 324 00:21:30,400 --> 00:21:36,400 A PROGRAMME BY MICHEL AND CLAUDE NICOLETTI 325 00:21:36,960 --> 00:21:42,080 WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF DOCTOR FOUQUET 326 00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:47,120 GEORGES MONNERET 327 00:21:47,640 --> 00:21:53,640 AND M. ROUCOU, DIRECTOR OF THE THUN REHABILITATION CENTRE 328 00:21:54,440 --> 00:21:59,760 FILM FOOTAGE: MARC TERZIEFF - FRANÇOIS VIEUXGUÉ 329 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:04,280 SOUND: CHRISTIAN HACKSPILL 330 00:22:04,880 --> 00:22:08,440 MIXING: JEAN CLAUDE MARCHETTI 331 00:22:09,040 --> 00:22:12,560 SCRIPT: BRIGITTE AUFFRAY 332 00:22:13,080 --> 00:22:16,640 EDITING: SIMONE DUBRON 333 00:22:17,240 --> 00:22:21,840 ASSISTANT DIRECTOR: PATRICE GAUTHIER 334 00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:28,400 DIRECTOR: BERNARD PLANQUE 335 00:22:31,280 --> 00:22:33,440 Subtitles: Élisabeth Fuchs